The United States responded in kind, and therefore entered World War II. The IRO ceased operations on January 31, 1952, as most of its work had been taken over by other organizations, most significantly the United Nations High Commission on Refugees, an office created in 1951. Five million women entered the workforce between 1940-1945. A) segregated Jews at every level of German society. C. . B) World War I and World War II B. Approximately 80,000 Jewish DPs entered the United States between 1948 and 1952 under the Displaced Persons Act. A) the end of the Great Depression. A. the Atlantic Charter D) the division of Germany into communist and non-communist sectors. the Central Intelligence Agency. The Pearl Harbor attack The Japanese surprise attack on Pearl Harbor began just before 8 a.m. local time Sunday morning, December 7, 1941. . The photographs and graphs in this gallery support the conclusion that Allied victory brought an end to Nazi terror in Europe in May 1945, and to the war in the Pacific in August. B. C. a pact signed by Great Britain and the United States agreeing to avoid entangling alliances with the Soviet Union A) the passing of the War Powers Acts. B. The sketch shown above is of "The Unconquered People," and describes the European resistance to Adolph Hitler and Germany on the part of . a.) ", Choose the statement that accurately reflects the relationship between private business and the federal government during World War II. In most cases, the recordings were digitized by Library of Congress staff directly from the discs on which they were originally recorded. Many Americans feared that he was bringing the country closer to another war in Europe. Several bills were introduced to aid refugees; many more were introduced to curb or end immigration. After World War II, the United States of America entered a period of material abundance, caused largely by increased production. expand world trade through the reduction of tariffs. When World War II ended, the United States was in better economic condition than any other country in the world. Although the war began with Nazi Germany's attack on Poland in September 1939, the United States did not enter the war until after the Japanese bombed the American fleet in Pearl Harbor, Hawaii, on December 7, 1941. . How did the countrys reasons for fighting the war, as articulated by Roosevelt, differ from those of Germany. Truman, disappointed by the limited reach of the act, said that he would have vetoed it had Congress been in session, but signed the act so there would be some legislation to aid displaced persons, rather than none. Place the events that led up to U.S. involvement in World War II in the correct order, following Hitler's appointment as Chancellor of Germany. b.) published this 12-page pamphlet after the U.S. had entered World War II. cooperating in trials to bring former Nazis to justice What ultimately prevented the Nazis from conquering Great Britain in 1940? C. C. the British Royal Air Force D. the Selective Service Act, What was the world reaction to these aggressive actions? A) less than one quarter C) the creation of the International Monetary Fund. After the United States entered World War II, the military's needs quickly brought on a nursing shortage. B.The United States was convinced to remain neutral. d.) The United Nations was formed after World War II as the successor to which failed organization? Sources. a.) Japanese Americans were allowed to serve in the military. c.) From our 21st-century point of view, it is hard to imagine World War II without the United States as a major participant. "We were faced with the possibility of deportation even though we were U.S. Which of the following was an effect of the attack on Pearl Harbor? d.) D. universal education. To protect Australia from a Japanese invasion, a.) C. American military officials knew that many Japanese soldiers would rather die than surrender. This led to so-called midnight races, where passenger ships raced to reach the United States as soon as possible at the beginning of each month, when new portions of the quota were opened. d.) Millions of men and women entered military service and saw parts of the world they would likely never have seen otherwise. What did the Nazi-Soviet pact accomplish for Germany? How did President Roosevelt lead the mobilization of the war effort? A) less than 5 years They had significant military value that helped to keep Japan in the war. B. WACs coordinated recruiting efforts for all of the armed services. Most of Japan's former colonies were now under U.S. control. This online presentation also includes a set of interviews conducted in the Washington, D.C., metropolitan area. Between 1980 and 2018, more than 3,000,000 refugees have been resettled in the United States. By 1968, strident debate among American about the Vietnam War signified that the Cold War consensus had shattered, perhaps beyond repair. The preamble mentions "the scourge of war, which twice in our lifetime has brought untold sorrow to mankind." He wanted to keep the other Allies busy so he could divide Eastern Europe as he saw fit. A. A) travel anywhere within the country. A) one million people. his skillful handling of the Allied offensive at Normandy. We are now in the midst of a war, not for conquest, not for vengeance, but for a world in which this Nation, and all that this Nation represents, will be safe for our children. The labor demands of war industries caused millions more Americans to move--largely to the Atlantic, Pacific, and Gulf coasts where most defense plants located. B. cutting off its access to the rich Caucasus oil fields. The experience of World War I had a . c.) Savage fighting and heavy American casualties occurred in the battles on Iwo Jima and Okinawa. "My uncle worked as a ship builder and told me about how President Roosevelt nationalized the shipping and shipbuilding industries." Why do you think Roosevelt compared the Germans to gangsters? B. SAN FRANCISCO When Miya Iwataki and other Japanese Americans fought in the 1980s for the U.S. government to apologize to families it imprisoned during World War II, Black politicians and civil rights leaders were integral to the movement. C. Native Americans recruited from nearby reservations in New Mexico. C. D) the signing of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade. With President Trumans encouragement, Congress passed limited legislation to aid European displaced persons, including Holocaust survivors. A major factor that led to US involvement in World War II was the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor. Admiral Nimitz was able to secure a decisive victory against the Japanese naval forces at the Battle of Midway because The United States did not sign the 1951 Refugee Convention. These and other viewpoints would be challenged with the United States' entry into World War II. C) The Nazis' anti-Semitic propaganda campaign was popular in America. Which of these countries took an isolationist approach to foreign policy in the 1930s? laborers migrated from Mexico to work in factories in the North. US consulates in Nazi-occupied territory shut down in July 1941. c.) 1. D. General Marshall was too valuable to remove from his position as Army Chief of Staff. B) the coup which put Hitler into power in 1933. He motivated Americans and established agencies to direct mobilization. A portion of this project aimed to create documentary recordings of Americans from around the country who described their lives, sang their songs, and told the stories of their own regions. Prevention of Soviet expansion in Asia. work on the development of an atomic bomb. In the Soviet Union, a "cult of personality" developed around Stalin. B) save lives. At the last minute, the Senate rejected the Houses proposed amendment, which would have made a distinction between immigrants and refugees by exempting immigrants who could prove they were escaping political or racial persecution. Hours later, the United States declared war on both countries. The United States declared war on the German Empire on April 6, 1917, nearly three years after World War I started. During the course of these interviews, Library interviewers advised some interviewees that the interviews would not be broadcast. c.) TTY: 202.488.0406, In 1929, immigration was further limited to a total of 153,879 and the new quotas were re-calculated using complicated math based on the existing national origins of the population as reflected in the 1920 census and the new immigration cap. Almost every country in the world participated in World War II.Most were neutral at the beginning, but only a relatively few nations remained neutral to the end. World War II changed both the type of work women did and the volume at which they did it. Pressure from China, a.) Planning for the post-World War II world began before the United States even entered the conflict. Choose the statement that describes an effect of the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor. retroactively revoked their citizenship. The War Refugee Board B. How long did it take for the value of U.S. imports to double after World War II? C. an African American air squadron that conducted bombing raids over Europe. Those who have committed crimes against peace, war crimes, or non-political crimes outside of their country of refuge, are not eligible for refugee status. B. What was the main result of the Wannsee Conference in January 1942? The United States did not sign the 1951 Refugee Convention, but did sign the 1967 United Nations Refugee Protocol, which removed those geographical and time limitations. The Second World War began in 1939 and lasted through to 1945. Which of the following is a reason that the United States initially stayed out of World War II? "The government paid most of the costs for my company to convert to wartime production. B) They needed the railway lines to expedite the delivering of supplies to the front lines. b.) holding free elections in Eastern Europe after the war. B. 3, Two days later, on December 11, 1941, Adolf Hitler declared war on the United States, and Benito Mussolini of Italy followed suit. The Japanese attacked Pearl Harbor because they wanted to With men off to fight a worldwide war across the Atlantic and the Pacific, women were called to take their place on the production line. The United States declares war against Japan. D. Japanese Americans feared that Japan would try to punish them for siding with the United States in the war. "The group that benefited most, economically, from wartime production was U.S soldiers." To show unity among world powers Examine the history of the United States' entrance into World War II following the attack on Pearl Harbor. After learning about the Armenian Genocide, students reflect on the writing prompt a second time by adding a historical lense. This is a timeline of events of World War II in 1939, from the start of the war on 1 September 1939.For events preceding September 1, 1939, see the timeline of events preceding World War II.. Nazi Germany's invasion of Poland on 1 September 1939, and Britain and France's declaration of war on Germany two days later marks the beginning of World War II. They were followed in June 1940 by Italy, in June 1941 by Russia, and in December 1941 by Japan and the USA - though the conflict as a whole had actually began in July 1937 with war between China and Japan. The initial purpose of the Nazi concentration camps was supposedly to answer choices. Then, tell whether the gerund is a subject, a predicate nominative, a direct object, an indirect object, or an object of a preposition. A) the participation of the United States. "My factory converted its production lines to produce bombers, and we hired more workers. . After Japan bombed Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941, the United States declared war against Japan and entered World War II. it bought U.S. forces more time to focus on the war in Europe. What was the primary goal of the U.S. strategy of "island hopping" in the Pacific? Select an argument used to oppose U.S. involvement in World War II. D. supreme. B) head of the United Nations Security Council ____________________ Petra prefers water-skiing and is quite good at it. the League of Nations. There were several well-publicized cases of Japanese American spies being caught operating in the United States. To help your students analyze these primary sources, get a graphic organizer and guides. The relationship between the Allies was complicated by We are going to win the war and we are going to win the peace that follows. Students connect themes from the film to Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's concept of single stories," and then consider what it would take to tell more equitable and accurate narratives. World War Two ended finally in the summer of nineteen forty-five. Mario likes diving\underline{\text{diving}}diving best of all sports. B. refugees who had fled from Nazi-occupied Europe. D. B) instituted the systematic extermination of German Jews. B. Public opinion was more in line with Congress than Truman: an April 1948 poll showed that 53% of Americans disapproved of the plan to allow 200,000 displaced persons to enter, compared with 40% who approved. B. Japan targeted civilian populations when they dropped bombs on the Allied Powers. The Refugee Act of 1980 remains in effect. It is actual collaboration so well calculated that all the continents of the world, and all the oceans, are now considered by the Axis strategists as one gigantic battlefield. Choose the statement that describes a cause of the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor. B. through the sale of coupon books for consumer goods \underline{\hspace{3cm}} Fierce, wild dogs are inhabitants of the island, too. defend New York City against a nuclear attack. D. It gave Germany a pledge of military support from the Soviet Union. . None passed. B. the enforced rationing of consumer goods. To convince islanders to support the United States against Japan A) 1 B) 2 C) 3 D) 4 2 C. After the Day of Infamy: "Man-on-the-Street" Interviews Following the Attack on Pearl Harbor presents approximately twelve hours of opinions recorded in the days and months following the bombing of Pearl Harbor, Hawaii, from more than two hundred individuals in cities and towns across the United States. After World War I most Americans concluded that participating in international affairs had been a mistake. C. legal It would require fewer resources and pave the way for an Allied invasion of Italy. At the Potsdam Conference, the "The government issued a defense contract with our company, but we were not guaranteed a profit." How was the federal government able to borrow money from U.S. citizens? Life in the United States began to return to normal. A) gathered widespread support for the creation of a Jewish homeland. Other countries fared worse: Poland, with a prewar Jewish population of 3.5 million, had a quota of 6,524, and Romania, with a Jewish population of nearly a million, had a quota of 377. Place the events related to World War II in the correct sequence, following the signing of a mutual defense treaty by Japan and Germany. Although the IRO constitution was drawn up in December 1946, the organization did not begin work until 1948, when the nations paying the majority of the IROs expenses had ratified the constitution. A. b.) D. American women and minorities found new opportunities. The postwar world also presented Americans with a number of problems and issues. D. Many Americans believed the Soviet Union posed a greater threat than the Nazis or the Japanese. C. D. He issued an order to desegregate the military. After World War I, America became an isolationist nation. C) restricted the number of countries that accepted Jewish refugees. I believe the admission of these persons will add to the strength and energy of the nation. Still, Congress delayed action. He believed a joint offensive with the Soviets through Eastern Europe would be far more effective. C. the brutal nature of the war in the Pacific. "Although our wages were far lower, we earned more money than we ever had before in the workplace. A. President Truman feared a second Japanese attack on American soil. Circle each direct object. D. Aggressive, What was the effect of this reaction on the aggressors? They were historically significant. National Expansion and Reform, 1815 - 1880, Great Depression and World War II, 1929-1945. American concerns over Japanese aggression in the Pacific. B) membership of the U.N. Security Council was determined. c.) Invite students to reflect on why it matters who tells our stories as they view a documentary film about the profound courage and resistance of the Oyneg Shabes in the Warsaw ghetto. b.) "Over 90% of us were relocated against our will to assembly centers during the war." D) the Allies moved toward Germany from the east, west, and south. World War II was just six years long but surprisingly, it had two presidents ruling the United States during its course. Which U.S. government agency was formed as a response to the news that the Soviet Union had detonated a nuclear device? ", United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, Washington, DC, The Nazi Persecution of Black People in Germany, The Nazi Olympics Berlin 1936: African American Voices and "Jim Crow" America. The new Protocol expanded the responsibilities to all refugees from any part of the world and at any time, but still allowed nations to define for themselves how they would assess refugee status. The 1951 Convention defines the obligations of signatory nations to refugees, and vice versa. it halted the Japanese advance and put them on the defensive. D. C) the independence of former British colonies in the Middle East C) creating a military tribunal to punish those who participated in the Nazi genocide. Rhetoric refers to the art of using words effectively to communicate. c.) Flushed with their success against Germany and Japan in 1945, most Americans initially viewed their place in the postwar world with optimism and confidence. Congress demanded an immediate end to the war c.) . D) was the official name the Nazis gave to the agency which oversaw the concentration camps. What major advantage did the United States possess over the Soviet Union following the war? What were some similarities between racism in Nazi Germany and in the United States, 1920s-1940s? ", Choose the statement that accurately reflects the relationship between private business and the federal government during World War II. b.) He personally directed the military buildup of troops and supplies. Savage fighting and heavy American casualties occurred in the battles on Iwo Jima and Okinawa. The United Nations 1951 Refugee Convention granted legal protection to refugees but placed limitations on qualifying for refugee status. B) She thinks suffering always comes to a close. C. He said, in part: The course that Japan has followed for the past ten years in Asia has paralleled the course of Hitler and Mussolini in Europe and in Africa. American military officials knew that many Japanese soldiers would rather die than surrender. As a result, relations with Latin-American nations improved substantially under Hoover, an anti-imperialist. d.) The United Nations Refugee Protocol of 1967 established the current international norms for defining and dealing with refugees, and 146 countries, including the United States, have signed this protocol. Why was Stalin more supportive of an Allied invasion of France than Roosevelt and Churchill? It would force the Axis to retreat from Stalingrad and give the Soviets a chance to regroup. Public policy, like the so-called GI Bill of Rights passed in 1944, provided money for veterans to attend college, to purchase homes, and to buy farms. The most pressing threat, the Allieds decided in the beginning, was Hitler's Germany. growing their own food in "victory gardens.". It was scattered and disorganized. D. Interventionists thought aid would help end the In December 1920, in the context of this isolationism, the international influenza pandemic, and a postwar economic recession, the US House of Representatives voted to end all immigration to the United States for one year. "We began a civil rights campaign to achieve both a victory in Europe and a victory over racism in the U.S." A. The bill, Truman stated, reflects a singular lack of confidence by the Congress in the capacity and willingness of the people of the United States to extend a welcoming hand to the prospective immigrants.. The Vietnam War is the commonly used name for the Second Indochina War, 1954-1975. D. Fears of infiltration and espionage led to additional restrictions on visa applicants. The neutral USA entered World War II only after many months of argument in Congress and after the attack on Pearl Harbor. C. American attempts to take over Japanese-controlled territory. ", b.) B. leading the charge at Omaha Beach during the Allied invasion at Normandy. A. defectors from the Soviet Union. Under President Woodrow Wilson, the United States remained neutral until 1917 and then entered the war on the side of the Allied powers (the United Kingdom, France, and Russia). Which policy best demonstrates appeasement during the 1930s? A. d.) D. the establishment of internment camps for resident aliens. B) provide the "Final Solution to the Jewish Question." C. Many Americans favored a strong interventionist foreign policy regarding the situation in Europe and Asia. D. through the enlistment of volunteers to work government jobs. B. d.) . a.) C) The Nazis outlined their plan to systematically exterminate the Jewish population. Pete Seeger and Huddie Ledbetter (Leadbelly) recorded original songs for the "Dear Mr. President" interviews. A) the Axis pushed back the Allied advance from the Soviet Union. After the United States entered World War II, immigrants from which of the following countries became eligible for U.S. citizenship? . Following World War I, the United States hoped to avoid further entanglement with European politics that had drawn us into war. C) the prohibition of dictatorships like the Soviet Union. In 1958 and 1966, presidents Eisenhower and Johnson issued parole directives to aid 30,700 Hungarian refugees and nearly 500,000 Cuban refugees fleeing their nations revolutions, reclassifying these refugees as permanent US residents. A. C. committed suicide in his bunker. a.) preventing Soviet intervention in the region. On December 8, Joseph Goebbels described Adolf Hitler as exceptionally happy when he learned the news. Under this international treaty, a refugee was defined as "a person who owing to a well-founded fear of being persecuted for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership of a particular social group or political opinion, is outside the country of his nationality and is unable or, owing to such fear, is unwilling to avail himself of the protection of that country; or who, not having a nationality and being outside the country of his former habitual residence as a result of such events, is unable or, owing to such fear, is unwilling to return to it.". One important effect of the D-Day invasion was that protecting U.S. economic interests in China D) Germany was forced to fight a war on two fronts. a.) B) 710,000 people. This online presentation includes one essay: "Making and Maintaining the Original Recordings." In 1950, Congress amended the Displaced Persons Act, an amendment Truman signed with very great pleasure. The Act authorized a total of 400,744 visas for displaced persons (of which 172,230 had been issued in the previous two years) and removed the geographical and chronological limits which had discriminated against Jewish DPs. It relied too heavily on air support. "We began a civil rights campaign to achieve both a victory in Europe and a victory over racism in the U.S.", Choose the statement that best reflects the experiences of Japanese Americans after the United States entered World War II. Claudia Bautista, Santa Monica, Calif. You must have JavaScript enabled to use this form. The 1967 United Nations Refugee Protocol expanded the 1951 Refugee Convention, which had originally limited the definition of refugee to people who had been displaced in Europe prior to 1951. Congress began negotiating a new immigration bill, which would set quotas for the first time on the number of immigrants from each country who could enter the United States. "My factory converted its production lines to produce bombers, and we hired more workers. C) almost one third "As a business owner, I had to begin to deduct a federal income tax from my employees' paychecks. "We were forced by the government to move from California because they feared we might be capable of sabotage or espionage. Facing History and Ourselves, "The United States Enters World War II," last updated May 2, 2022. D. flying more successful bombing missions over Japan than any other pilot in the war. The population plummeted due to people going to fight overseas. What did the existence of kamikaze pilots reveal about the Japanese military? How did the Neutrality Act of 1939 differ from the previous Neutrality Acts passed by Congress in 1935, 1936, and 1937? Usually there was bipartisan support for most US foreign policy initiatives. ", Choose the statement that describes an economic consequence of the United States as an "arsenal of democracy." The United States entered World War II after the Japanese attack on _____. C. Goebbels wrote: On the basis of the Tripartite Pact we will probably not [be able to avoid] a declaration of war on the United States. A. Refugees are granted the right to work, to housing, to education, to public assistance, to freedom of movement within the territory, and cannot be punished for illegal entry. C. A. a group of volunteer fighter pilots who fought the Japanese in the Pacific. A. C. ", d.) went through a period of economic instability. In his 1947 State of the Union, Truman stated, We are dealing with a human problem, a world tragedy. In his 1948 State of the Union, he argued for suitable legislation at once so that this nation may do its share in caring for homeless and suffering refugees of all faiths. Which was effectively an economic declaration of war against Germany and the Axis Powers? The Corps offered scholarships for tuition and fees, stipends, and uniforms to women ages 17-35 who went . A) the drafting of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights Not all Americans participated equally in these expanding life opportunities and in the growing economic prosperity. Based on this graph and your knowledge of history, the growth in U.S. employment was sparked by C. "Since the government guaranteed a profit on sales, our corporation accepted a defense contract. B) the creation of a five-member Security Council. "As the war continued, the economy weakened, leaving most working American families poor." Why were Hiroshima and Nagasaki chosen as the targets for nuclear attacks? The Convention does not specify how signatories determine or assign refugee status. Through the government's bracero program, D. American women and minorities found new opportunities. D. A. through the sale of government issued war bonds D. Diego Rivera. The Bataan Death March foreshadowed C. through the American Lend-Lease Act a.) Those men held power by selling everyone else a myth: The biggest threat to workers like you are . C. generate support for the war effort and boost morale through the media. B. Three years after the end of the war, there were still a substantial number of displaced persons in Europe. B. the Munich Pact Presumably, the agreement to safeguard the identity of these persons was intentional, as some of the interviewees worked for the Federal government and/or otherwise required anonymity in order to participate. d.) . C. holding off a German offensive by himself after ordering his troops to withdraw. B. "Dear Mr. President," Nashville, Tennessee, January or February "Dear Mr. President," New York, New York, January or February Letter from Alan Lomax to Wilhelmina Waters, April 3, 1942. A. The Nazi forces were able to buy time for more reinforcements to arrive. Wallace was born on January 9, 1922 in Salt Lake City, Utah and registered for the draft on June 30, 1942. In these past few yearsand, most violently, in the past three dayswe have learned a terrible lesson. Dec. 7. C. B. "The government rejected deficit spending as a way to finance war production." A) United States revealed its plan to use the atomic bomb. "The government paid most of the costs for my company to convert to wartime production. A.It stated the United States would only accept an unconditional surrender of Germany. increasingly took on more global responsibilities. Millions of men and women entered military service and saw parts of the world they would likely never have seen otherwise. B. A. the federal government seized control of factories in order to increase war production. B. President Roosevelt helped increase employment opportunities for African Americans when he Building on the economic base left after the war, American society became more affluent in the postwar years than most Americans could have imagined in their wildest dreams before or during the war. Under Article 33, known as the non-refoulement provision, refugees cannot be returned against their will to a place in which they would be endangered. A large number of African Americans left there to work in shipyards on the West Coast. D. Japan feeling threatened by the U.S. presence in Asia and the Pacific. To invade and occupy Italy After World War II, the American people continued to oppose increased immigration. View the list of all donors. 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