Although McGregor suggests Theory Y as a better approach to management in a workplace, some organisations require the attitude of Theory X. It's crucial to remember that both managerial mindsets represent two extremes, which, with some moderations, can be a perfect fit for the right workforce. Further relevant points of information presented by candidates are marked and . If the previous management style is not working out, it is best to change it for better results. 1. The Theory X and Theory Y created by Douglas McGregor in 1950s and developed later in the 1960s. Instead of punishing the employee or associating a reward with work, the manager will allow them to collaborate with others and find solutions that fulfill the team members self-actualization, self-esteem, and social needs. Theory Y However, employees can be most productive when their work goals align with their higher-level needs. Why should any one be controlled unless an employer knows one has a mental illness issue and thus feel the need to control ones actions???? 3. His ideas suggest that there are two fundamental approaches to managing people: Many managers tend toward Theory X and generally get poor results. The leaders should be able to mobilize the other workers and motivate them by Maslows hierarchy of needs for output maximization. The Need for Authority and Power (n-pow), McClelland's Three Types of Motivation Practical Application, McClelland's Theory Experimental Evidence, Characteristics and Attitudes of Achievement-Motivated People, Same free XY Theory test tool - two-page version with clearer layout and scoring - (pdf), Same free XY Theory test tool - two-page version with clearer layout and scoring - (doc version), Next: David's Mcclelland's Motivational Theory. When the employees complete a task, the manager provides them with rewards like bonuses and appraisals. Introduction I decided to explore the concept of McGregor's X and Y theory, also known as Theory X and Theory Y, which was developed by Douglas McGregor in his 1960 book "The Human Side of . Douglas McGregor (1957) developed a philosophical view of humankind with his Theory X and Theory Y two opposing perceptions about how people view human behavior at work and organizational life. 4. Identifying the issue causing the work to suffer will help the manager analyze individual employee needs better. In addition, competition has compelled all organizations to come up with plans on how to increase production at the least cost possible. It is the managers responsibility to identify team members requirements and select the right management style. If she logs 40 hours in four days, she can have a three-day weekend. The healthcare industry also requires leaders and that is why we have a Nursing-officer-in charge or an in-charge physician in all healthcare centers. Maslow's Hierarchy and McGregor's X and Y Theory. (2022) 'Maslow's Hierarchy and McGregor's X and Y Theory'. 2. An average employee seeks responsibility to become more motivated. B. the humanistic view of management.C. Operant conditioning The managers of Sweet Treats & Eats Baker believe that the average person will avoid work when possible. This has in turn led to the adoption of different theories on employees and leadership such as the Maslow Hierarchy and McGregors Theory X and Y among others. The financial incentive does not motivate all employees. Frederick Taylor. The person primarily associated with the Hawthorne studies is Theory Y clarifies that through the right organizational environment, the development of human resources is much more optimized and can be better used. 2. 2. a type of job enrichment. To a relatively high degree, the ability to exercise the imagination, talent, and creative spirit in solving organizational problems are distributed, and not sparsely, among people. This is IvyPanda's free database of academic paper samples. Frederick Taylor vs. Douglas McGregor vs. Elton Mayo. Guha starts a new job as a programmer at a telecommunications company. If you are of the belief that your team members dislike their work and have little motivation towards their work, then your style of management is most likely to be authoritarian. The first part of McGregors theory is Theory X. Selena's work schedule is an example of: According to McGregor, managers adopting Theory X assume that workers generally dislike work and must be forced to do their jobs. 5. ideal for all companies. People usually accept and often seek responsibility. "Maslow's Hierarchy and McGregor's X and Y Theory." William Ouchi. C. a Theory Z manager according to Ouchi. It increases communication between managers and employees. Its important to us that we challenge our assumptions frequently. Theory X document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); Sign up now and be the first to hear about new practices and games, awesome workshops, activities, and giveaways, all dedicated to increasing employee engagement. McGregor believed that a managers assumptions about their employees determined their leadership style in the workplace. This is an example of an intrinsic reward. May 11, 2022. https://ivypanda.com/essays/maslows-hierarchy-and-mcgregors-x-and-y-theory/. Students find learning inherently challenging and are only expected to have limited success in the course. A goal They are popularly known as 'Theory X' and 'Theory Y'. 4. social needs Employees need to be involved in all aspects of company decision making to keep them motivated. In his 1960 book, The Human Side of Enterprise, McGregor proposed two theories by which managers perceive and address employee motivation. Douglas McGregor is a social psychologist and applied two sets of assumptions to the organizational structure called Theory X and Theory Y. 5. Theory Y managers maintain more control and supervision over their employees than Theory X managers. 1. Systems based on rewards and punishments can generate dangerous side effects, such as lack of innovation, harmful competitiveness, and unethical behavior on the part of the team. 1. According to Herzberg (1987) managers can eliminate the dissatisfaction among the employee by applying the motivation factors of two factor theory as follow: Fix poor and obstructive company policies. 4. The test is a simple reflective tool, not a scientifically validated instrument; it's a learning aid and broad indicator. It negates the assumptions of Theory X and vice versa. Experienced professionals require a Theory Y management style, as they are capable of making the right decisions. Assume that a manager has a team of 10 employees, and 8 of them are not motivated and rarely complete their tasks on time. McClelland's need for achievement underlies Maslow's self-actualization. Rosalyn's boss is so impressed, she asks Rosalyn to complete the competitor analysis once a week in addition to her other tasks. "Maslow's Hierarchy and McGregor's X and Y Theory." Theory X management assumes most people will attempt to avoid work whereas Theory Y managers trust their people to take ownership of their work. 4. 1. decrease in productivity regardless of supervision Lillian Gilbreth. E. the equity theory. There is often a central authority base and managers follow an authoritative leadership style. 4. trust his employees. An authoritative management style can hamper employee learning, building, and development. Each assumes that the manager's role is to organize resources, including people, to best benefit the company. Theory X holds that employees are inherently disinclined to work and needed to be strictly controlled. McGregors Theories allow managers to better understand their employees. For this reason, HR must enable, together with everyone in a company, a new look at people and their relationships, adopting assumptions that are more appropriate to the moment and this new workforce. The XY Theory diagram and measurement tool below (pdf and doc versions) are adaptations of McGregor's ideas for modern organisations, management and work. Theory X managers focus on the high-level needs, while Theory Y managers focus on the low-level needs. 2. Influencing such major management gurus such as Peter Drucker and Warren Bennis, McGregor's revolutionary Theory Y-which contends that individuals are self-motivated and self-directed-and Theory X-in which employees must be commanded and controlled-has been widely taught in business schools, industrial relations schools, psychology departments . From these studies he constructed a model of management attitudes, and from this model demonstrated that managers, wittingly or unwittingly, strongly dictated the type and attitude of workers in their employ. Wed love your input. What is the rationale behind job enlargement strategies? 3. His major writings are cited along with two volumes which were actually published several years after his death by Bennis, Caroline McGregor, and Schein. Theory X and Y, first published in the book The Human Side of Enterprise from 1960 (ok, definitely, work motivation is not something new) which brought as a provocation the question: What are your assumptions (implicit as well as explicit) about the most effective way to manage people?. Theory Z is often referred to as the 'Japanese' management style, which is essentially what it is. McGregor's Theory Y matches much of Maslow's self-actualization level of motivation. McGregor's X-Y theory is a salutary and simple reminder of the natural rules for managing people, which under the pressure of day-to-day business are all too easily forgotten. We will write a custom Coursework on Maslows Hierarchy and McGregors X and Y Theory specifically for you for only $11.00 $9.35/page. 3. 3. 3. If you are the copyright owner of this paper and no longer wish to have your work published on IvyPanda. Your email address will not be published. The soft approach, however, is to be permissive and seek harmony in the hopes that, in return, employees will cooperate when asked. Did you have an idea for improving this content? Behavior modification is the most widely discussed application of equity theory, the theory that behavior can be strengthened or weakened through the use of rewards and punishments. McGregor's Theory Y corresponds to: A. the traditional view of management. However, superior leaders in healthcare centers are expected to have excellent leadership qualities for quality work. 2. her subordinates avoid responsibilities. Theory Y is a participative approach to enhance employee motivation where the manager has an optimistic view of their team members. It was inspired by Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs and its roots are also based in the Motivation Theory. Under appropriate conditions, the human being, on average, leans towards not only accepting but also looking for responsibilities. Managers have many assumptions about their employees in Theory X: Many of these assumptions are based on basic physical needs. This is an example of flextime. They led to companies providing better physical work A problem professional specifically for you? In managing his employees, he is most likely to: Work can be as natural as play if the conditions are favorable. Allowing some employees to work at home part-time is: 5. intrinsic need. Herzberg's hygiene factors. Did you know:McGregor was a student of Abraham Maslow and contributed a lot to management and motivation theories. McGregor's Theory Y corresponds to: In fact, there are very few persons who exactly correspond with Theory 'X' or Theory 'Y' assumptions. Douglas McGregor spent the end of the 1950's and the early 1960's working on his motivation theory. They marked the beginning of a concern for human relations in the workplace. Most people are self-centered. 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