Three of them bore him children. Brigham Young, December 12, 1850, daguerreotype. He was always a kid at heart but also so smart and embraced the adulthood that he needed to. He was a man who grew in faith, intellect and knowledge and learned throughout his life by relying on personal revelation. That admonition includes charging Brigham Young with crimes that he did not commit. Samuel Smith, the young brother of the Prophet Joseph Smith, was one of the first missionaries of the newly restored LDS Church. Susa, Brighams daughter, wrote of her father: He fostered and encouraged the study and practice of music, not only in his own family, but among the people (see Life Story of Brigham Young," by Susa Young Gates and Leah D. Widtsoe). Lee was arrested on November 7, 1874. Early on a Monday morning in September 1857, about 140 men, women and children on a California-bound wagon train were slaughtered under a flag of truce by Mormons who apparently considered the act . He was replaced as governor the following year by Alfred Cumming. @JalelahCNA. Brigham Young led one of the largest group migrations in American historyover 12,000 peopleto Salt Lake City, Utah. Brigham Young to Isaac C. Haight, 10 September 1857, Letterpress Copybook 3:82728, Brigham Young Office Files, LDS Church Archives. "If you wish to get rich, save what you get. ''There is no evidence the Indians had weapons required for a slaughter of this magnitude,'' she said. 2 Min Read. Haight and Dame were also the senior regional military leaders of the Mormon militia. What ever happened to Big Minnie of Tombstone? Adding fuel to Mormon rage, they argue, was the killing, a few months before the massacre, of Apostle Parley P. Pratt. The two laid hands on me, Lorenzo wrote, and asked the Lord to stop the flow of blood from my wounded arm. He founded Salt Lake City and he served as the first governor of the Utah Territory. So do some authors whove written about the Mountain Meadows Massacre. This list contains the books we've recently received, if you're looking for new books that are available, this is the place to check! I never had seen anything of the kind in my life," Phineas continued, but had always believed the people were living far beneath their privileges (see The Faithful Young Family: The Parents, Brothers and Sisters of Brigham," Leonard J. Arrington and JoAnn Jolley, Ensign, August 1980). [12], However, by the time that the express rider delivered Young's letter to Haight, the massacre at Mountain Meadows had already taken place. Brigham Young wasn't the only latter-day prophet to have such close experiences with death. Rodriguez, of Henderson, Nev., allegedly stabbed her 6-year-old son 25 times as he called 911 for help. Copies of Youngs letter exist both in rough draft and final draft form. [4] By 1841 he had relocated to Nauvoo. I commenced and read every word in the book in the same week," he recorded and is recounted in The Faithful Young Family." Reading the September 2000 True West article by Glenn Shirley, titled, A Tireless Energy & Nerves of Steel, I was fascinated by Caroline Bonneville. Dr. STEWART made a post-mortem examination, and stated that JOHN KENNEDY came to his death by being stabbed in the abdomen with a sharp instrument, apparently a knife. He bravely faced his father today. Recommend to friends. (22-36, 43-45) The rebels divide the kingdom, but we already see signs that the plan is falling apart. So, two years after Brigham Young first began expressing interest, the marriage-cautious and polygamy-skeptical Ann Eliza joined the prophet's group of wives. They were clubbed, stabbed or shot at point-blank range, then stripped and left to be scavenged by wolves and buzzards. At the time of his death on August 23, 1877, Young had married 56 women19 predeceased him, 10 divorced him, 23 survived him, and 4 are unaccounted for. It misfired six times, and he then pointed it at a post and all six shots discharged properly" (Remembering Joseph" by Mark L. McConkie, 73-74). The following are a few facts necessary for an understanding of this terrible event in Western and Mormon history. Despite the influences of a strict, moralistic family and being exposed to the religious fervor that . For instance, Joseph Smith was once attacked by an apostate from the Church, William Law, who "attempted to kill Joseph and fired a pistol at him six times at close range. In this company, Young served as a captain of ten.[8]. The rapper's . When asked by Horace Greeley in 1859, Brigham Young said that he had 15 wives, but some of those sealed to me are old ladies whom I regard rather as mothers than wives. Federal investigators suspected Brigham Young of having had a hand in the crime but failed to produce sufficient evidence to convict him. Young settled in Salt Lake City. Brigham Young: Directed by Henry Hathaway. As a subscriber, you have 10 gift articles to give each month. [14], In Blood of the Prophets, Mormon historian William Bagley echoes David White's conclusion that the letter does not absolve Young of any wrongdoing. Matters have & are being delayed with design of Cohearce [to coerce] me to Make a statement beyond what I know, he wrote in his diary. A plaque at the massacre site, erected by the Mormon Church in 1990, carefully avoided assigning blame, referring with baffling vagueness to ''a company of more than 120 Arkansas emigrants'' being ''attacked while en route to California. All of the original Young family joined the LDS Church and served faithfully throughout their lives. And, as a home missionary he administered to the sick, the needy, the spiritually weak, spreading love, light and encouragement wherever he went, according to The Faithful Young Family.". The two main contenders were James Jesse Strang and Brigham Young. He once said to his brother Brigham, "There is not a Bible Christian in the world; what will become of the people?". You must not meddle with them. . This answer reflects the complicated nature in the definition of plural wife. As to the number of wives with whom it is known that he had conjugal relations, sixteen wives bore him 57 children (46 of whom grew to maturity). Klingensmith escaped prosecution by agreeing to testify against the others. From 1864 through 1871 Young served as the bishop of the Salt Lake City 2nd Ward. During the 1870s Lee,[22] Dame, Philip Klingensmith, Ellott Willden, and George Adair, Jr. were indicted and arrested; warrants were obtained to pursue the arrests of four others (Haight, John Higbee, William C. Stewart, and Samuel Jukes) who had successfully gone into hiding. Why didnt he use his powers as territorial governor to hunt down the men who committed this despicable crime? when arreseted, PRYOR had a . ''He did it,'' said Will Bagley, a history columnist for The Salt Lake Tribune whose book ''Blood of the Prophets: Brigham Young and the Massacre at Mountain Meadows'' (University of Oklahoma Press) has been a best seller in Utah since it appeared in late July. On his second day, traveling with copies of the Book of Mormon in his satchel and a prayer in his heart, the young man encountered John P. Greene, a Methodist minister, who kindly took some of his books to promote on a preaching tour of his own. Brigham Young succeeded founder Joseph Smith as the president of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints in 1847; he led the church until his death in 1877. Such ceremonies usually occurred when a widow was sealed to her dead husband for eternity and to a living husband for time in the same ceremony. ''He was an absolute dictator,'' she said. Finally, it is also a matter of historical record that none of the Indian leaders at the Salt Lake council were later at Mountain Meadows, except the Southern Ute leader, Ammon, who tried to prevent the massacre. In the early days of the Mormon church, these relationships were commonly called proxy marriages. However, Young later testified that he cut Lee off when he started to describe the massacre because he could not bear to hear the details. Sources conflict. Why did he threaten honest men who called for justice in the matter? True West asked the authors of both books to lay out their claims. Bottom line: Yes, Brigham Young was clearly a racist. Scope and Contents. At the time of his death on August 23, 1877, Young had married 56 women-19 predeceased him, 10 divorced him, 23 survived him, and 4 are unaccounted for. (Mr. Bagley and Ms. Denton said they had not seen the file but were skeptical it would alter their conclusions. For instance, during his time with Zion's Camp, cholera swept among the men and he watched "other men die like flies, but his own life was spared" ("Brigham Young on Life and Death"). The Mountain Meadows Massacre victimized several groups of emigrants from the northwestern Arkansas region who had started their treks to California in early 1857, joining along the way and becoming known as the BakerFancher party. Young won the leadership and Strang was considered a heretic and excommunicated from the Mormon Church. In this case, he argues, Young saw bloodshed as a righteous act, one that would avenge the Arkansas murder of the apostle, Pratt, and send a sober warning to the United States government about the risks of invading the Mormon state. They were reacting to events as they took place. Instead I tried to tell the story as honestly and accurately as possible and let readers make up their own minds about who ordered the slaughter of more than 80 women and childrenand why. TAMPA, Fla. - Jurors heard heartbreaking testimony Wednesday at Ronnie Oneal's murder trial. Then figure out what the total cost of the trip would be.? Brigham Young first became involved with the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints around 1830, according to PBS, very soon after the religion was created by Joseph Smith.The Church of LDS is a form of Christianity, but with additional beliefs, including that the Book of Mormon is a holy book and that the church founder, Joseph Smith, was a prophet sent by God, according to History. Because the historical past will always be opaque, historians must seek the weight of evidence, and in this case, the preponderance suggests Youngs innocence. Brigham Young was in New England with Orson Pratt when he learned of Joseph's death. According to historian William P. MacKinnon, "After the war, Buchanan implied that face-to-face communications with Brigham Young might have averted the Utah War, and Young argued that a northsouth telegraph line in Utah could have prevented the Mountain Meadows Massacre."[6]. [3], In 1840, Young moved to Scott County, Illinois when the Latter Day Saints were expelled from Missouri. He dearly loved his wife, Mary Ann Angell. Phineas' wife Clarissa was also baptized about this same time. Lured west by the promise of a wide-open range and a gentle climate -- a boon for cattle ranching -- the party left Arkansas in the spring of 1857, just as the Utah Territory and the United States were on the brink of armed conflict. Lee pleaded innocence in court, but while in prison awaiting his execution made a full confession of the whole affair. Both authors quote a 5-year-old survivor who told a reporter two years after the event, ''My father was killed by Indians; when they washed their faces, they were white men.'' The company that was used up at the Mountain Meadowes included the fathers, mothers, brothers, sisters & connections of the men who murdered the prophets, he told John D. Lee, and they Merited their fate. The only thing that ever troubled Young was the lives of the Women & children, but that under the circumstances [it] could not be avoided.. Their corpses, stripped of clothes and jewelry, were left to be picked apart by wolves and buzzards. Glendower's troops are not ready. He went on to become a missionary in England. Union Pacific . No. After Cowdery was excommunicated from the church in 1838, Young wrote him several letters pleading with him to come back into the church. February 24, 2023 | 4:46pm. Like. Young, son of Brigham Young. However, church president Joseph Smith insisted that his brother William Smith be selected in place of Young. Beau's son was 9 years old at the time of his father's death. Ron Walker is one of the three Mormon historians writing the upcoming rebuttal to be published by Oxford University Press. '', Sally Denton, an investigative reporter based in Santa Fe, N.M., whose book ''American Massacre: The Tragedy at Mountain Meadows'' will be published by Knopf next summer, also holds Young responsible for the crime. Appointed governor by President Millard Fillmore seven years earlier, Young ran the territory as a Mormon theocracy, flouting federal jurisdiction over the courts and the local Indian population and, equally unnerving to East Coast politicians, practicing polygamy. The second explanation is that the massacre was a calculated act of vengeance. John presided over the first group he led. It is hard to determine how many wives Young actually lived with in the normal sense of husband and wife because of the practice of sealing. Sealings, meaning a ceremony performed by Mormon church authorities that link a man and a woman, could be of two types. The mission of Brigham Young University founded, supported, and guided by The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints is to assist individuals in their quest for perfection and eternal life. Joseph Young was a witness to the infamous Hauns Mill massacre during the tumultuous Missouri days of the LDS Church's history, according to The Faithful Young Family.". 3, Fall 1987; Leonard J. Arrington, Brigham Young: American Moses, Knopf, New York, 1985. President Brigham Young's signature on a contract with the Union Pacific Railroad. Enter your email to receive updates on our LDS Living content, 2022 LDS Living A Division of Deseret Book Company. John Young Jr., the eldest brother, became a Methodist minister at a young age, as did Joseph, the second oldest, who was deeply solemn in his dedication to religion. Susan Evans McCloud is author of more than 40 books: fiction, mystery, biography. 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