DONNIE DAWKINS: We're going to dominate this thing! So no, they're definitely different diseases." Next available on Thursday 9 a.m.10 p.m. Find information on spaces, staff, and services. NARRATOR: Dr. Omalu believed the National Football League would want to know about his discovery. NARRATOR: For Mike Webster, the head hits just kept on coming for 17 years. NARRATOR: Then there was the matter of Webster's forehead. And especially when you're learning the thing, you know, you fall on your head a lot. Maybe 10 minutes passed, and he looked at me with the same puzzled expression and asked the same sequence of questions. PETER KEATING, Reporter, ESPN: Goodell is asked point-blank if he stands by the idea that concussions don't hurt pro football players. Dr. BENNET OMALU: When I saw Terry Long's case, I became more convinced that this was not just an anomaly, a statistical anomaly. MARK FAINARU-WADA: Dr. Ira Casson ends up with this sort of very famous exchange that earns him the nickname "Dr. He's going forward, but all of a sudden, his head is going back and his brain is hitting up against the inside of his skull. website to help you, but do not use citation generators. ANNOUNCER: Now back to the third, and he goes outside. NEWSCASTER: The untimely death of Junior Seau is provoking questions. I am fighting it. : We don't know who is at risk for it. NARRATOR: Webster was often unable able to sleep. He has tau in all these regions of the his brain. And in fact, when you talk about that later with Fitzsimmons, he describes that as the sort of proverbial smoking gun. I'm not saying I was different than that. NARRATOR: But away from the glamorized hits, there was a darker side. Frontline : juvenile justice. . pbs frontline special league of denial apa citationdeny the witch 9th edition rulesdeny the witch 9th edition rules NARRATOR: The commissioner arrived like a celebrity, the star attraction at the hearing and the focus of all the cameras. NARRATOR: Aiello insisted the study's design was flawed. There's nobody in America who doesn't know what that means. COLIN WEBSTER, Son: He would forget, you know, which way the grocery store was, which way it was to go home. And Omalu's response was, "Who's Mike Webster? I watched players deceive coaches on the sidelines when they were injured and run back into a game. STEVE FAINARU: Schwarz stops. A new study is the first of its kind to show an association between early exposure to repetitive head impacts and structural brain changes later in life. he worries he has it. NARRATOR: Fitzsimmons pulled together Webster's complicated medical history. MEGAN NODERER: Oh, my God! MICHAEL ORIARD, Center, Kansas City Chiefs, 1970-73: The way the game is played, I don't see how you can eliminate all of those routine hits that linemen make every play. Stallworth touchdown! NARRATOR: Tom and Lisa McHale had three sons. I mean, we battled in there, and this is what this is the result of it right here, sitting right here looking at you. They should have known because the issue is so critical. STEVE FAINARU: Very, very quickly, she got serious pushback from Ira Casson and the rest of the committee. Frontline : Juvenile Justice. This is not good science. You know, the two sides figured out that that was fair, and they were OK with it. You'll receive access to exclusive information and early alerts about our documentaries and investigations. The NFL's own retirement board linked playing football and dementia. He's not a neuro anything. Dr. ANN McKEE: This is a 45-year-old with terrific disease. There was a very severe hazard that was present in professional football, and it was a little secret. So, fine. If 10% of mothers in this country would begin to perceive football as a dangerous sport, that is the end of football. 100%. And that was you know, that was a prominent part of the settlement. September 30, Dr. BENNET OMALU: When I opened up his skull, in my mind, I had a mental picture of what his brain would look like, based on my education. The Super Bowl is a spectacle. Dr. BENNET OMALU: We did everything, spoke to the son. The commissioner helped to promote a youth football safety initiative, the Heads Up program. NARRATOR: At the same time, another force was also causing trouble for the NFL and the commissioner, the wives and widows of players with CTE. When I got into the cab I was crying. For FRONTLINE, ESPN and in their own book, they've been investigating how the NFL has handled evidence that football may be destroying the brains of NFL players. Frontline. In the meantime, we have to do everything we can to advance the game and make sure it's safe. And it starts destroying the integrity of the brain cells. ROBERT STERN, Ph.D., Neuropsychologist, Boston University: Those initial studies from the NFL were notorious in telling the world over and over and over again, "No, there's no relationship between hitting your head in football and later life problems. LEIGH STEINBERG: The damage was occurring every week. The National Football League, a multibillion-dollar commercial juggernaut, presides over America's . ANNOUNCER: And the Pittsburgh Steelers become the first franchise in history to win six Super Bowls! You know that that brain is supposed to be pristine. I mean, you know, that would be extraordinary with any other disease, to be able to pull in that many cases just that were suspected. We don't know the incidence. NARRATOR: On the other side, the NFL's lawyers. CORRESPONDENT: With early onset of Alzheimer's? WRITTEN BY. STEVE FAINARU: Webster's forehead was essentially fixed to its scalp. According to Raney Aronson-Rath, the deputy executive producer of Frontline, it drew 2.2 million viewers. NARRATOR: For years, Pellman's committee would insist they were studying the problem, that the danger from concussions was overblown. NARRATOR: He would take on the task of finding brains of former football players for Dr. McKee. So not only was it an issue for my clients, it was a huge societal issue. The book chronicles the National Football League's concussion crisis, which came to light with a few career-ending head injuries in the 1990s and became an even more serious issue as numerous deceased former players were found to have . And is it related to football?". The NFL knew it, but the players certainly didn't know it. Webster wanted to prove to the world that he was going to be the toughest, and he did anything that he possibly could to do that. And Mike's favorite games were the ones that were cold and snowy and frigid. SCL 6_APA in text citation_references quiz_AK .docx. Neither group showed any significant growth (Wong & Tuttle, 2005). PAM WEBSTER: Mike would call this his greatest battle. I'm fascinated by it. The fact that it was there, and he was only playing high school level sports, I mean, I think that's a cause for concern. Rep. MAXINE WATERS (D), California: We have heard from the NFL time and time again. a Frontline production with Kirk Documentary Group, Ltd. ; WGBH ; produced by Michael Kirk, Jim Gilmore, Mike Wiser ; reported by Jim Gilmore, Steve Fainaru, Mark Fainaru-Wada ; written by Michael Kirk & Mike Wiser and Steve Fainaru & Mark Fainaru-Wada ; directed by Michael Kirk. NARRATOR: To outsiders, the choice of Pellman was unusual. If Will Smith's character in the upcoming movie "Concussion" seems familiar, it might be because you've already met the real Dr. Bennet Omalu in FRONTLINE's "League of Denial.". JULIAN BAILES, M.D., Team Physician, Steelers, 1988-97: Well, Mike Webster exemplified what it was like to be a player in the Steel City and a player in that era that for me was the greatest team of all time. ROBERT STERN, Ph.D., Neuropsychologist, Boston University: In football, one has to expect that almost every play of every game and every practice, they're going to be hitting their heads against each other. But it's not the only issue. And that problem is that he had just gotten off the phone with Tyler Seau, and according to Tyler, the NFL informed him that Omalu's research is bad and that his ethics are bad, that he's essentially unethical. NEWSCASTER: At what price glory? NEWSCASTER: An apparent suicide by a powerful athlete, NEWSCASTER: A beloved NFL star apparently took his own life today. HARRY CARSON, Author, Captain For Life: These players come down with dementia. DOCUMENT: "We therefore urge the authors to retract their paper". I said, "What are you talking about?" And I feel strongly about that, too. You know, these all look like they could be frontal temporal dementia." ANNOUNCER: Tonight on FRONTLINE, the epic story of football's concussion crisis. ROBERT CANTU, M.D., Neurosurgeon, Boston University: If you're going to put together a blue ribbon committee to study brain trauma, it should have as its chair somebody who has that as a background, either a neurologist, neurosurgeon, neuropathologist, preferably a clinician. Use these letters in both in-text citations and the Reference list. Subscribe on YouTube: http://bit.ly/1BycsJWThe National Football League presides over Ameri. STEVE FAINARU: At that point, there's nothing else to do except leave. Michael Kirk & Mike Wiser NARRATOR: For now, the future of the league and the game of football seem secure. NARRATOR: Back in the lab, McKee had seen another surprising case. NARRATOR: Omalu started at the feet and worked his way up. NARRATOR: Besides Mike Webster and Terry Long, Omalu also found CTE in the brains of Andre Waters and Justin Strzelczyk. But the NFL is under assault as thousands of former players claim the league has covered up footballs connection to long-term brain injuries. CHRIS NOWINSKI: And then, seemingly out of nowhere, he decided to take his own life. ANNOUNCER: A decades-long battle between scientists, players and the nation's most powerful sports league. At some point, he interrupted me again, "Bennet, do you think you know the implications of what you're doing?" MARK FAINARU-WADA: Where do we want to announce that? CHRIS HARVARD: You people should be grateful to have someone of my intelligence in your presence! Causation did football cause CTE? Dr. ANN McKEE: We have examined thousands of brains, and this is not a normal part of aging. I was scared. He didn't know what was going on. So they're basically paying around $120 million per game. Find an answer to your question Create a reference page by citing the following sources in correct APA format. Grand Canyon University. It was happening to every player in every collision sport. STEVE FAINARU: Julian Bailes got up and talked about Omalu's work. The FRONTLINE Dispatch is made possible by the Abrams Foundation and by the GBH Catalyst Fund. Dr. ROBERT CANTU: I said that I really think this data is flawed. HARRY CARSON, Author, Captain For Life: When he would fire off the ball, he's coming to block me, and if I'm not ready for him, you know, he's going to pancake me. I don't know." Rep. JOHN CONYERS: I just asked you a simple question. She's done a great job. Subscribe with this ", NARRATOR: The papers downplayed the risk of concussions, DOCUMENT: "Mild TBIs in professional football are not serious injuries. ANNOUNCER: Look at this. Michael Kirk. And the pathologist who's on call that day is this guy, Bennet Omalu. Dr. ANN McKEE: This is what I do. To cite an episode of TV: Writer, W. In the text, include the source name and year of publication in parentheses at the end of your sentence, before the punctuation. What the trial would have done was bring out that evidence. Unfortunately, it cost us everything. NARRATOR: For Chris Harvard, the performance often ended with a blow to the head. So we continued talking again. And you know, her husband, suffering, you know, from dementia, obviously can't be represented there by anybody but her. Are you interested?" We're talking about a nefarious injury, one that you never feel until it's too late. NARRATOR: Dr. McKee had examined thousands of brains, but the location of the damage from CTE was different. If I had not been told his age, I would say he looked like 70. Let's be clear. What prompted the U.S. Department of Justice to investigate over 150 unsolved civil rights era killings? And that just didn't make sense to anyone that's a scientist. In this case, it showed the prevalence of brain disorders was far higher among football players than the NFL anticipated. NARRATOR: The commissioner initiated a series of new rules designed to protect players from concussions. This guy has played for 20 years. And she says, "Absolutely." NARRATOR: Then one day, she received a phone call from the Boston University medical school. Change style powered by CSL. ALAN SCHWARZ: It was the people who the league hired to find out the answers to these questions giving them the answers. KEVIN GUSKIEWICZ, Ph.D., NFL Head, Neck and Spine Cmte. New York published from McGraw Hill Companies. JEANNE MARIE LASKAS, GQ, "Game Brain": He didn't understand why that would be, but he became more and more curious. Epic story of football seem secure the matter of Webster 's forehead was essentially fixed its! Nowinski: and Then, seemingly out of nowhere, he describes that as the sort of very exchange. 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