[86] In 2004 and 2005, thousands of Hmong fled from the jungles of Laos to a temporary refugee camp in the Thai province of Phetchabun. [15][16] Laos has been referred to as one of Southeast Asia and Pacific's fastest growing economies by the World Bank with annual GDP growth averaging 7.4% since 2009. A coup d'tat in 1960 in the Lao capital, Vientiane, deepened the country's political instability. Additionally, the Khao San Pathet Lao, the country's official news agency, publishes English and French versions of its eponymous paper. Muay Lao is an ancient martial art practiced throughout Laos, but mainly in the capital of Vientiane. More than half of the nation's population is ethnic Laothe principal lowland inhabitants, and the politically and culturally dominant people of Laos. [74] Their Russian-built Antonov AN 74-300 with 20 people on board crashed in Xiangkhouang Province. Very few of the Lao refugees, however, were willing to return voluntarily. [133], The tourism sector has grown rapidly, from 80,000 international visitors in 1990, to 1.876million in 2010,[134] when tourism had been expected to rise to US$1.5857billion by 2020. The first Lao kingdom, called Lan Xang or "land of the million elephants," was founded by Fa Ngum in 1353. CIA agent Bill Lair met with the young Hmong military . Ninety-three percent of households have a telephone, either fixed line or mobile. After talks with the UNHCR and the Thai government, Laos agreed to repatriate the 60,000 Lao refugees living in Thailand, including several thousand Hmong people. [84] Following threats of forcible removal by the Thai government, the United States, in a significant victory for the Hmong, agreed to accept 15,000 of the refugees in 2003. Gently cut cilantro resting atop a raging furnace of flavor. Jaew. The constitution and Family Code bar the legal recognition of polygamous marriages, stipulating that monogamy is the principal form of marriage in the country. [183] Since the start of the league, Lao Army F.C. With the end of isolationism in the early 1990s however, the French language rebounded, thanks to the establishment of French, Swiss and Canadian relations and opening of French-language centers in central Laos. AFP. Entitled The Rocket, the film appeared at the 2013 Melbourne International Film Festival and won three awards at the Berlin International Film Festival. [13] After a period of internal conflict, Lan Xang broke into three separate kingdoms: Luang Phrabang, Vientiane and Champasak. [61] According to the October 2007 UNODC fact book Opium Poppy Cultivation in South East Asia, the poppy cultivation area was 15 square kilometres (5.8sqmi), down from 18 square kilometres (6.9sqmi) in 2006. [164] One of the first commercial feature-length films was Sabaidee Luang Prabang, made in 2008. [48], Some 80million bombs failed to explode and remain scattered throughout the country, rendering vast swaths of land impossible to cultivate. In 2017, Laos suffered fiscal and monetary difficulties which resulted in low levels of foreign reserves. Its thickly forested landscape consists mostly of rugged mountains, the highest of which is Phou Bia at 2,818 metres (9,245ft), with some plains and plateaus. [155] The National University of Laos is the Lao state's public university. [57], Laos is the only landlocked country in Southeast Asia, and it lies mostly between latitudes 14 and 23N (a small area is south of 14), and longitudes 100 and 108E. There are some public holidays, festivities and ceremonies in Laos. 15. In response, the United States initiated a bombing campaign against the PAVN positions, supported regular and irregular anti-communist forces in Laos, and supported Army of the Republic of Vietnam incursions into Laos. Vientiane prefecture, the capital and largest city, had about 683,000 residents in 2020. In the late 19th century, Luang Prabang was ransacked by the Chinese Black Flag Army. From 1975 to 1996, the United States resettled some 250,000 Lao refugees from Thailand, including 130,000 Hmong. [145], In the central and southern mountains, Mon-Khmer-speaking groups, known as Lao Theung or mid-slope Laotians, predominate. [46], During the First Indochina War, the Indochinese Communist Party formed the Pathet Lao independence organisation. With an estimated population of 760,000 in 2015, the city is also the most populous in the nation. 6, "Seventy Years of Anarchy", in. [50], In 1975 the Pathet Lao overthrew the royalist government, forcing King Savang Vatthana to abdicate on 2 December 1975. Laos is landlocked (it does not have a coast on a sea or ocean). When Fa Ngum was a baby, his grandfather, the reigning king, expelled Fa Ngum's father . [100], Ostensibly, the Constitution of Laos that was promulgated in 1991 and amended in 2003 contains most key safeguards for human rights. Wat Sisaket, Luang, and Phra Keo are the three most . 3, "Through Chaos to a New Order", in, Sanda Simms, ch. [87], Lending further support to earlier claims that the government of Laos was persecuting the Hmong, filmmaker Rebecca Sommer documented first-hand accounts in her documentary, Hunted Like Animals,[88] and in a comprehensive report that includes summaries of refugee claims and was submitted to the UN in May 2006. Laos Capital City, Vientiane. Laos is a part of the Southeast Asian region. According to the International Monetary Fund, as of 01.01.2020, they amounted to USD 1.128 million. By 1940, around 600 French citizens lived in Laos. The streets are lined with trees, French colonial buildings, street markets, Buddhist temples, and noodle shops. Since the founding of the Lao PDR in 1975, very few films have been made in Laos. [109], Laos and Vietnamese (SRV) troops were reported to have raped and killed four Christian Hmong women in Xiangkhouang Province in 2011, according to the US-based non-governmental public policy research organisation The Centre for Public Policy Analysis, which also said other Christian and independent Buddhist and animist believers were being persecuted. The Lao National Tourism Administration, related government agencies and the private sector are working together to realise the vision put forth in the country's National Ecotourism Strategy and Action Plan. Overall, the country extends about 650 miles (1,050 km) from northwest to southeast. French is also used in public works in central and southern Laos and Luang Prabang and is a language of diplomacy and of the elite classes, higher professions and elders. "Patuxai is a war monument in the centre of Vientiane, Laos, which was built between 1957 and 1968. It is stretched out on the north-eastern bank of a bend in the Mekong River. Buddha Park, also known as Xieng Khuan, is a . Vientiane, Laos - Jul 29, 1998: Tuk-tuk and Patuxai Triumphal arch in Lane Xang Avenue. It is a political term that includes the non-ethnic Lao groups within Laos and identifies them as "Laotian" because of their political citizenship. [139]:19, The martial art of muay Lao, the national sport,[180] is a form of kickboxing similar to Thailand's muay Thai, Burmese Lethwei and Cambodian Pradal Serey. The airport in Paske was completed in 2009 with one terminal for both international and domestic flights. It is estimated that about 37% of educated Laotians live outside Laos. Laos does not have a well-developed capital market, although government policies increasingly support the formation of capital and free flow of financial resources. [39] Laos never held any importance for France[40] other than as a buffer state between Thailand and the more economically important Annam and Tonkin. In 1977, a communist newspaper promised the party would hunt down the "American collaborators" and their families "to the last root". With one-party state status of Laos, the General Secretary (party leader) holds ultimate power and authority over state and government and serves as the supreme leader. Vientiane became one of the most important settlements in the kingdom, and in 1563 it became the kingdom's capital. Vientiane Capital is the home to the most significant . [141] Access rose rapidly from 10 percent in 1995 to 38 percent in 2008. [81] Debate on the issue escalated quickly. However, the latter is considered pejorative, meaning 'slave'. The Lao League is the top professional league for association football clubs in the country. Pha That Luang, the countrys most revered national monuments, is located in Vientiane. Vientiane, Laos might seem sleepy and languid by Southeast Asia standards, but the Lao PDR capital might surprise you with its diversity of cuisine, quirky sights, friendly locals, and infectious sabai-sabai attitude. There are many traditions and rituals associated with rice production in different environments and among many ethnic groups. has been the most successful club with 8 titles, the highest number of championship wins. [24], An ancient human skull was recovered in 2009 from the Tam Pa Ling Cave in the Annamite Mountains in northern Laos; the skull is at least 46,000 years old, making it the oldest modern human fossil found to date in Southeast Asia. A second Provisional Government of National Unity formed by Prince Souvanna Phouma in 1962 was unsuccessful, and the situation steadily deteriorated into large scale civil war between the Royal Laotian government and the Pathet Lao. Updated on November 19, 2021. Of the almost $6 billion cost for the China-Laos railway, the Chinese government will pay 70 percent. Vientiane authorities have pledged to carry out 30 large-scale development projects from now until 2025 in a bid to accelerate the Lao capital's economic growth. President Biden committed the United States to be the world's arsenal . For example, Khammu farmers in Luang Prabang plant the rice variety khao kam in small quantities near the farm house in memory of dead parents, or at the edge of the rice field to indicate that parents are still alive.[162]. The capital city of Hanoi is ready to further expand friendship and cooperation activities in various fields, including those of people-elected . The national basketball team competed at the 2017 Southeast Asian Games where it beat Myanmar in the eighth place game.[185]. [141] Laos's predominantly rural[142] population makes investing in sanitation difficult. Life expectancy 65 years (men), 68 years (women) Currency kip . [163] The first feature-length film made after the monarchy was abolished is Gun Voice from the Plain of Jars, directed by Somchith Pholsena in 1983, although its release was prevented by a censorship board. Located on the Mekong River the city has 950,000 inhabitants. Over the years, Vientiane has experienced civil wars, internal conflicts, and agitations which ultimately led to the freedom of Laos from French rule, and then from monarchial rule in 1975. An "urban" village is essentially a town.[58]. . The only legal political party is the Lao People's Revolutionary Party (LPRP). The area was originally settled because of the fertility of the surrounding alluvial plains, and Vientiane became the capital city of Laos around the mid 16th century. The sinh is a traditional garment worn by Lao women in daily life. [114][115][116], The Lao economy depends on investment and trade with its neighbours, Thailand, Vietnam, and, especially in the north, China. [27] Burial jars and other kinds of sepulchers suggest a complex society in which bronze objects appeared around 1500 BC, and iron tools were known from 700 BC. Lao People's Democratic Republic or Laos (), is a country in southeast Asia. Trekking in Luang Namtha [129], In 2018, the country ranked 139th on the Human Development Index (HDI), indicating medium development. [33], In 1637, when Sourigna Vongsa ascended the throne, Lan Xang further expanded its frontiers. Jaew can refer to any type of dipping sauce, of which Laos has a never ending abundance. [citation needed], According to estimates, around 300,000 people fled to Thailand as a consequence of governmental repressions. It is a hand-woven silk skirt that can identify the woman who wears it in a variety of ways. Metallurgy is an important industry, and the government hopes to attract foreign investment to develop the substantial deposits of coal, gold, bauxite, tin, copper, and other valuable metals. 3,920 square kilometres and is located on the banks of the Mekong, close to the Thai border.Vientiane was the administrative capital . Vientiane has a total area of 3,920 square km and an average elevation of 174 m. The city experiences a tropical savanna climate. Department of Statistics, Ministry of Planning and Investment, 2009. Laos became independent in 1953, with a constitutional monarchy under Sisavang Vong. The Capital City of Laos (officially named Lao People's Democratic Republic) is the city of Vientiane.The population of Vientiane in the year 2007 was 6,521,998. Fa Ngum's eldest son, Oun Heuan, ascended to the throne under the name Samsenethai and reigned for 43years. Political power is centralized in the Lao People's Revolutionary Party. [68] Laos also maintained a "special relationship" with Vietnam and formalised a 1977 treaty of friendship and cooperation that created tensions with China. He has been General Secretary of the Lao People's Revolutionary Party, a position making him the de facto leader of Laos, since January 2021. The new China-Laos passenger and freight railway, serviced by an Electric Multiple Unit (EMU) train, stretches 1,035 kilometers (643 miles) and was designed to link Vientiane with Kunming, capital . Laos locked down its capital and closed its international borders to most traffic Thursday after identifying a COVID-19 cluster connected to its bigger neighbor Thailand. [122] Rice dominates agriculture, with about 80% of the arable land area used for growing rice. Local tradition holds that there are three seasons (rainy, cool and hot) as the latter two months of the climatologically defined dry season are noticeably hotter than the earlier four months. In 2017, the country sent a team for the first time to the team events at the Southeast Asian Games. Pathet Lao held areas used Lao as their sole language and following the end of the Vietnam War, French began its sharp decline in Laos. Xinhua That Luang Festival celebrated in Vientiane, Laos Candlelight parade surrounding the That Luang Stupa in Lao capital Vientiane on the night of Nov. 11, 2019. . Vientiane suffered greatly during the conflict between the kingdom's army and Siamese forces in 1827. [77] Pressure to resettle the refugees grew as the Thai government worked to close its remaining refugee camps. ", "Evaluation Synthesis of Rice in Lao PDR", "Starting an Asian Cinema: Laos Past and Present", "Good Good Morning, Luang Prabang and hello to Laos's film industry", "Q&A with director Kim Mordaunt (The Rocket)", "A tale of revenge in Laos challenges censors", "Fantastic Fest 2013 Review: Chanthaly is A Haunting Portrait of Modern Day Laos", "Laos Selects 'Dearest Sister' as First Foreign-Language Oscar Submission", "Cannes: Southeast Asia Is Ready for Its Big-Screen Close-up", "Laos: Crony scheme in control of press and civil society", "Social Discrimination in the Lao People's Democratic Republic", "Muay Lao, the forgotten art of kickboxing", "Laos Stumbles on Path to Sporting Glory", Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN), ASEANRepublic of Korea Commemorative Summit, Comprehensive Economic Partnership for East Asia, Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership, ASEANAustralia Development Cooperation Program, Outstanding Scientist and Technologist Award, Organisation internationale de la Francophonie, Assemble parlementaire de la Francophonie, Agence de Coopration Culturelle et Technique, Prix des cinq continents de la francophonie, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Laos&oldid=1142166912, French-speaking countries and territories, Member states of the Organisation internationale de la Francophonie, States and territories established in 1949, All articles with bare URLs for citations, Articles with bare URLs for citations from March 2022, Articles with PDF format bare URLs for citations, Articles with failed verification from January 2021, Wikipedia indefinitely move-protected pages, Pages using infobox country or infobox former country with the symbol caption or type parameters, Articles with unsourced statements from January 2019, Articles with unsourced statements from August 2022, Articles containing potentially dated statements from March 2021, All articles containing potentially dated statements, Articles with unsourced statements from November 2020, Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2011, Articles with unsourced statements from January 2021, Pages using Sister project links with wikidata mismatch, Pages using Sister project links with hidden wikidata, Articles with MusicBrainz area identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 28 February 2023, at 21:55. The city was destroyed, valuables and historical artifacts were looted, and the population fled. Foreign enterprises must report on their performance annually and submit annual financial statements to MPI. His ministers, unable to tolerate his ruthlessness, forced him into exile to the present-day Thai province of Nan in 1373,[31] where he died. [94] Plans to resettle additional Hmong refugees in the United States were stalled by provisions of President George W. Bush's Patriot Act and Real ID Act, under which Hmong veterans of the Secret War, who fought on the side of the United States, are classified as terrorists because of their historical involvement in armed conflict. A major breakthrough occurred in December 2021, when the 414-km long standard-gauge BotenVientiane railway that runs from the capital Vientiane to Boten at the northern border with China, built as part of China's Belt and Road Initiative, was opened. Lao People's Democratic Republic", Asian Migrations: Social and Geographical Mobilities in Southeast, East, and Northeast Asia, "Release of the Global Innovation Index 2020: Who Will Finance Innovation? Located on a curve of the Mekong River, Vientiane Capital has a recorded history that stretches back to around 1,000 AD. Authorities in Laos have reported a significant Covid-19 outbreak near the notorious Kings Romans casino, whose Chinese owner is accused by the United States of trafficking people, wildlife and drugs. Set at the point where the Mekong and Nam Khan rivers meet, Luang Prabang stands in front of a backdrop of a magnificent hilltop temple. [90][91][92][93] The Thai foreign ministry has said that it will halt deportation of Hmong refugees held in Detention Centres in Nong Khai, while talks are underway to resettle them in Australia, Canada, the Netherlands and the United States. Most of these projects will be carried out through public-private partnerships under the Build-Operate-Transfer (BOT) model as the government is encouraging the private sector . However, only slightly more than half of the population speaks Lao natively. What Is the Capital of Laos? Laos opened on May 2022 and it is nice to travel t. During World War II, the city was briefly captured by Japan, but quickly recaptured by the French. Laos is thus the 22nd biggest country in Asia and in terms of area ranked 84th worldwide. Amongst them, 100,000 Hmongs30% of the entire Hmong populationand 90% of all of Lao intellectuals, specialists, and officials. Laosul i are originile n Imperiul Lan Xang ce a existat ntre secolele XIV i XVIII.. Dup o perioad de apartenen la Imperiul Colonial . [65] Provinces are further divided into districts (muang) and then villages (ban). The Mekong River forms a large part of the western boundary with Thailand, where the mountains of the Annamite Range form most of the eastern border with Vietnam and the Luang Prabang Range the northwestern border with the Thai highlands. They were to have been released by October 2009, but their whereabouts remain unknown. 1353 - Lan Xang (Million Elephants) Kingdom, founded in the 14th century by Fa Ngum. Vientiane: Laos' Capital City . The Pathet Lao were backed militarily by the People's Army of Vietnam (PAVN) and the Viet Cong. Compared to the hectic, bustling capitals in other South . You'll find yourself slowly won over by the easy charms of this evolving . "[132], The country's most widely recognised product may well be Beerlao, which in 2017 was exported to more than 20 countries worldwide. [130] According to the Global Hunger Index (2018), Laos ranks as the 36th hungriest nation in the world out of the list of the 52 nations with the worst hunger situation(s). In their opposition of the repatriation plans, Democratic and Republican Members of Congress challenged the Clinton administration's position that the government of Laos was not systematically violating Hmong human rights. Additionally, many elite and French-educated Lao immigrated to nations such as the United States and France to escape government persecution. Laos Local Tour Company offers Laos tours, tailor made vacation packages travel services. [141] The authorities in Laos have recently developed an innovative regulatory framework for publicprivate partnership contracts signed with small enterprises, in parallel with more conventional regulation of state-owned water enterprises. Major religion Buddhism. His reign is often regarded as Laos's golden age. Vientiane has been the capital since 16th century. Vientiane is located at 17.9757, 102.6331, at an elevation of 570 ft. The attack resulted in the RLA largely demobilising, leaving the conflict to irregular ethnic Hmong forces of the "Secret Army" backed by the United States and Thailand, and led by General Vang Pao. and Yurnaidi, Z., 2020. The capital is Vientiane (Lao: Viangchan), located on the Mekong River in the northern portion of the country. Population 6.7 million. A man who lost land and property to the Laos-China railway project near the capital said he has yet to receive any promised money. French is used in government and commerce, and Laos is a member of the French-speaking organisation of La Francophonie. [47][46], In 1968, the PAVN launched a multi-division attack to help the Pathet Lao fight the RLA. Laos is a landlocked country located in the Indochinese Peninsula. [58] Laos had a 2019 Forest Landscape Integrity Index mean score of 5.59/10, ranking it 98th globally out of 172 countries. The mountainous geography of Laos had impeded Laos's ground transportation development throughout the 20th century. A new constitution was adopted in 1991 and enshrined a "leading role" for the LPRP. The 1957 document was abrogated in December 1975, when a communist people's republic was proclaimed. [139]:8 Electricity is available to 93% of the population. [32], In 1520, Photisarath came to the throne and moved the capital from Luang Prabang to Vientiane to avoid a Burmese invasion. Vakulchuk, R., Chan, H.Y., Kresnawan, M.R., Merdekawati, M., Overland, I., Sagbakken, H.F., Suryadi, B., Utama, N.A. The main international airports are Vientiane's Wattay International Airport and Luang Prabang International Airport with Pakse International Airport also having a few international flights. 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