Instead of accepting this fact and moving on, your ex will inform everyone that they broke up with you. You can see the no-contact phase as the time you devote to healing and a full recovery. Make clear that you want no further contact with him and that this decision is not personal. They may try to find out where you are, what you are doing, and who you are with. You don't have to do much except utter a vague reference, make an ominous allusion, delineate a possible turn of events. Make it clear that you want no further contact and do not hesitate to inform them that you hold them responsible for this behavior. Some people are overly lazy. You should be able to break free of that anchor. All rights reserved. He may decompensate by developing obsessive-compulsive traits or by going through a psychotic microepisode. Be yourself; be loud and proud and big, truthful and authentic. The misleading effect of Emotional Thinking. Playing video games, watching what you like on television, or spending time with someone are all possibilities. How Many Texts Are Considered Harassment? Its understandable to feel the urge to break the No Contact, especially while dealing with the evil genius games of a narcissist. based on stalking in most states, especially if the stalker is an intimate partner or a former partner. When a narcissist disappears, they may reappear after a period of time in order to get that attention again. on 2023, March 1 from https://www.healthyplace.com/personality-disorders/malignant-self-love/coping-with-the-narcissist-stalker, Sometimes a woman may have been in a heterosexual relationship for years and yet feel something is somehow "off;" and she may find herself asking, "Is my husband gay?" When your friends or loved ones who have hurt you no longer have a connection to you, the damage is irreversible. With both personal and professional experience in relationships, I offer advice that is both empathetic and accurate. Please express your gratitude for their presence and explain that you are grateful for the many new people in your life. here. Can I use the gray rock method instead of the No Contact rule with a narcissistic ex? It is one of the narcissist specialties: to play games with your feelings and thoughts. If a narcissist does miss you, it is likely because they are losing a source of narcissistic supply (i.e. The narc realized (s) he is better off with you when you were together 5.) Narcissists are often described as being in control or in charge. They may react negatively when they feel like they are not in control of a situation or a person. In some cases, the stalking can last for years. Do you want no contact from your ex? In short: martyrdom is as good a method of obtaining Narcissistic Supply as any. He or she wants to know you are miserable. Love your life more than anything else and not care about what others think or say. It is not uncommon for a narcissist to miss someone who has cut them out of their lives, and it is not uncommon for the narcissist to try to reenter your life after years of separation. Narcissists don't handle rejection well because they see it as it's a type of criticism or even a personal attack. This man or woman is manipulative and will make you question if any of his or her behavior, Break All Contact With the Narcissist Stalking You. They will do it to just manipulate your feelings and thoughts. Luckily, the process is entirely reversible once Narcissistic Supply is resumed. Your email address will not be published. Following this, they will resume their abusive pursuit of validation, admiration, and reassurance. 2. A Narcissistic stalker has no sense of boundaries, especially in the face of rejection. Make sure that now you know that your feelings about your narcissistic ex arent the same anymore. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. Block your exs number, email address, and block and report them on social media platforms. , but the probability of a narcissist becoming a stalker is high. ~They will come back after 90 days to try their reverse psychology. A narcissist cant admit that they have been defeated. They may be extremely emotional as a result of their failed relationships, and they may deeply regret them. You just ended a toxic relationship, but your narcissistic ex-girlfriend or ex-boyfriend refuses to leave. Every day he would apologize and leave voice notes. Narcissists dont stay in a relationship because they have emotional bonds with their partners. Callisto Adams has been a dating and relationship expert for more than 7 years. Im confident that you have the ability to create your own universe in the way that your outer universe responds to your inner universe. Narcissists may also try to deceive you by lying about their past, or by claiming that they havent been in touch in some cases. Depency and co-dependency on others for a sense of self-worth, DoNotPay Can Help You Protect Yourself From a Narcissistic Stalker. They are eager to regain control because they are in the process of being overthrown. It will be your responsibility to ask them for forgiveness and accept their demands. A narcissist needs that source of admiration and attention. For him or her, it seems that now without touching you or having you near is no hard way to have you in their hands. They may try to convince you to come back or they may lash out in anger. They are unable to consider how their actions affect others because they are constantly focused on their own egos. He finds himself snarled by horrifying scenarios, pursued by the vilest "certainties". Instead of letting your narcissistic ex know that youre doing No Contact, you can take action and initiate the No Contact. Be absolutely emotionally and financially independent of the narcissist. Be honest with your family and friends. If he gets too close to someone emotionally, if he becomes intimate with someone, he fears ultimate and inevitable abandonment. He will throw everything at you to get his "supply" back. Retrieved What if you went no-contact during the idealization phase? Narcissists live in a state of constant rage, repressed aggression, envy and hatred. Lastly, another common ploy narcissists implement after a victim has gone no contact with them is their beloved flying monkeys. To gain power, a narcissistic ex will try to convince others that you are the one who harmed them. The stalking is purely an effort on the narcissist's part to re-assert control over you. If you break up with a narcissist, you should plan on receiving an angry response. Talking things out with them could help you decide on your next move. No Contact is THE key to beating the narcissist. The narcissist can spend weeks without speaking to you, implying that you need them more than they need you. If you have any self-doubt, it will make its way into your life at a time when you are vulnerable. Inform the narcissist that you will take all the necessary steps to protect yourself. In fact, it is not uncommon for narcissistic people to miss someone they once loved deeply. The No Contact is an effective method to heal from a toxic relationship and create healthy boundaries. As demonstrated by people who have experienced rejection, the implicit IB for grandiose narcissism is identical to that for vulnerable narcissism. Its not uncommon for those who have been subjected to narcissistic abuse to become addicted to the toxic cycle of their relationships. As a result, in short, a narcissist will return to the after-contact stage until his or her targets discontinue all forms of narcissistic supply, forcing them to seek out other prey to feed on until all forms of narcissistic supply are exhausted. Say you're out on the town when you suddenly get a random . During No Contact, a narcissistic person will stalk you in person or through social media. . For instance: if the injustice involved in the process of humiliation is unprecedented, or if the humiliating acts or words place the narcissist in a unique position, or if they transform him into a public figure - the narcissist tries to encourage such behaviours and to elicit them from others. A narcissist will become delusional that they are still fully present in their victim's life. They feel challenged and want to prove to you that they can still get you back. They dont want you to be at peace with your decision and keep interrupting directly or indirectly your healing process. Does Narcissist Mother Realize How Hurtful She Is, The Narcissists Reaction To Going No Contact, Unraveling The Mystery Of Extroverts And Introverts: A Guide To Handwriting Analysis, Pronouncing Introvert With Confidence: A Guide To Mastering The Words Correct Pronunciation, Unlocking The History Of The Power Of Positive Thinking, Introverts Unite: Understanding The Dynamics Of Relationships Between Introverts. If you are prepared for their reaction, you can maintain your boundaries and not allow them to control you. In a long-term relationship, the new supply is more likely to be successful than the old supply. Narcissists are also good at adapting to others kindness and compassion. Do not hesitate to inform him that you hold him responsible for his stalking, bullying, and harassment and that you will take all necessary steps to protect yourself. One of the major issues is whether or not there is any trust established in the original contact. Using an instrument based on the length of time participants spent responding to sentences that conveyed information relevant to the self, the authors tested participants responses. Otherwise, if you use No Contact to hurt them then you will end up in a vicious circle and youll hurt yourself too. Keep them at bay. 2. They use this tactic in order to gain control over the person. If you intend to sue the narcissist in court, you should keep a record of all of your interactions with him. It is essential to mark down your actions as well. AboutPressCopyrightContact. Because of narcissistic abuse, you must be able to be yourself in order to become the highest self you can be. Be as unequivocal as possible in your refusal to engage with the narcissist. narcissists have a shorter honeymoon period than us. Not being able to confront him and just directly going no-contact has been quite hard on me. Depending on a variety of factors, each narcissists responses to various situations will differ. Does my ex miss me during the No Contact Rule? narcissists get involved in relationships only if there is narcissistic supply, if not, if not, they will not be interested in the partner. When you break no contact with a narcissist, they may react in a number of ways. They barely react to them. Victims often believe that when the narcissist comes back after months, it's because they . He develops ritualistic reactions to them: a sequence of motions, an act, or obsessive counter-thoughts. They just want to have again everything under their control. Narcissists will attack your credibility to everyone, so when you say you are being stalked, they will not believe you. narcissistic relationships mirror because a narcissist is constantly absorbing information about their victims identity in order to create a false identity for their victim. This guy has this cycle down to a T. Think of all the pain and heartache and grief this person has caused you. Narcissist stalking after no contact can be a very difficult and scary experience. You can start by blocking your narcissistic ex on any platform, blocking their number and if you cant do it at least you might change your number. This will feed their ego, and they will feel like they need to make a stronger plan to manipulate you. Most of the time, their behavior will make you miserable. The narcissist will do the rest for you. They only study peoples lives based on what is available to them or what is convenient for them. He, thus, immediately distances himself, acts cruelly and brings about the very abandonment that he feared in the first place. They relocate, establish a new family, find another job, abandon a field of professional interest, avoid friends and acquaintances, even change their names. Don't do this alone. Once you leave the . With this letter, you can demand the stalker to stop immediately, and it might work. A malignant narcissist is someone who lacks a strong emotional connection to themselves, which is lacking in their personality. These self-negating reactions, inevitably and naturally, terrify the narcissist. After going No Contact they would try to focus more on themselves in both parts. Our virtual cards also work like a charm if you want to avoid automatic payments after free trials. Why Is a Pathological Narcissist Stalking You and What Can You Do About It? Self-harm, also known as self-injury or self-mutilation, is a coping mechanism used by a surprising number of people. Stay away from areas you are likely to see the narcissist. The new supply doesn't know the narcissist's agenda and will go along with whatever the narcissist asks of them. These five steps, which Ive included in my 5 Step Roadmap to Heal Emotional Triggers, can help you defuse and heal those old wounds. As your thoughts and feelings might be mixed, your ex finds joy and pleasure in this game. If sufficiently deterred - the narcissist promptly disengages, gives up everything he fought for and sometimes makes amends. which also states a former or current partner is responsible for stalking more than two-thirds of those victims. It is entirely your responsibility to love, support, and admire them. Be endlessly patient and go way out of your way to be accommodating, thus keeping the narcissistic supply flowing liberally, and keeping the peace (relatively speaking). Listen attentively to everything the narcissist says and agree with it all. The narcissistic vacuum will keep watch over the narcissistic hoover until they can get their act together. ", ["Dead Man's Mirror" by Agatha Christie in "Hercule Poirot - The Complete Short Stories", Great Britain, HarperCollins Publishers, 1999]. They may become moody, angry, and irritable as a result of low self-esteem, as well as an inability to receive validation. The act of stalking is not a part of narcissists. Your ex might use the method of hoovering to make you go back to him or her. Spreading gossip. They will create lies that will make them feel powerful and have you under their control. Make a written record of everything you do to resolve the situation, no matter how (un)successful it is. Open DoNotPay in your web browserand check out some of the things DoNotPay can help you with: We have helped over 300,000 people with their problems. Negative experience sloughing is referred to as an explicit IB, in which the participants discuss negative experiences with one another. Are you getting more out of your relationship than you expected? Copyright 2020 mentalhealthmatters-cofe.org. All these little hidden elements that clash with one another are hints. In narcissists lives, the narcissists oxygen, food, and vital energy all contribute to their narcissism. A narcissist may be moody, angry, and irritable; they may not have in-person contact due to body language, which they use to communicate, meet their needs, and maintain control. They dont want you to have time to heal and move on. A number of previous studies that did not use the Mask Model were used in the study. Most of the time, a narcissistic ex tries to pick up the relationship from where they left off and play the victim. 2. The narcissistic act of maintaining their Supply and maintaining us in their orbit as a result. When you're on the pink cloud, you will feel excited and hopeful in ways you didn't before, and things in your life might . The simplest solution to dealing with a narcissist is to walk away and go no-contact. He keeps trying to reach me via his friends as I blocked him on every possible platform and we dont live together. If you require professional help, you should seek it out. What Constitutes Harassment From a Neighbor? The order commands the person who has made unwanted contact with you to stop this behavior. They are content to meet new people and learn new things about them because they enjoy new experiences more than anything else. A narcissistic person is very likely to seek revenge and hurt you. Block the narcissist's phone number, email & social media accounts. And. They simply do not understand you, despite the fact that you appear to them to be much more real than you are in reality. Their feelings and agendas are what really drive them to regret and lose. If any of these questions are not answered, it is time to reexamine your situation. There are a lot of unanswered questions about whether things are going to change or not. That's because they do not have the power to have full access to you. On the other hand, he acted like he was the most damaged one in this relationship. Gaslighters and snipers will often seek revenge on one another. Every case is different, and narcissistic outbursts can range from being a minor inconvenience to stepping into the territory of sexual harassment. Narcissists may try to control others through manipulation, intimidation, or even violence. Be endlessly giving. When a person goes no contact with a narcissist, they should expect their boundaries to be crossed, challenged, and/or violated, regardless of the circumstances. I dont want you to believe that the narcissist prefers an older supply over a new one. Example: If a narcissist has a secret - one should use this fact to threaten him. It is the willful harassment of another person, such as when they repeatedly visit your home and bombard you with messages or calls. Do narcissists panic and wait for you to break the No Contact? Its possible that such no-contact periods are not valued or minimized because theyre perceived as special. If you lose control over yourself through no contact, it is common for the narcissist to rage. During No Contact your ex wont have the same attention from you and that makes your ex go crazy. If your narcissist is somatic and you don't mind, join in on group sex encounters but make sure that you choose properly for your narcissist. The letter is also written proof that you attempted to settle the matter before going to trial. Do you think it is possible for someone to stalk you for 18 years? It could be a deliberate attempt to conceal feelings of inadequacy. Paradoxically, the narcissist does not mind being humiliated if this were to make him more unique or to draw more attention to his person. The most important thing to do is to stay calm, take a step back and not communicate with them. You may be committed to them for a long time, but they may not only do everything possible to get you, but they may also lose all interest once they are committed. A narcissist will almost certainly return to you after establishing a no-contact policy. If you do not intend to pursue legal proceedings, you have some options. If you live in a one-party consent state, it is legal to record any phone calls or conversations you have. That's easier said than done though; it's near impossible if you share a close circle of friends and is unworkable if you share custody of a child with them. Underestimating the narcissist This is the biggest mistake you can make when going no contact with your narcissist. They require someone to lift their spirits and make them feel good about themselves. narcissists are usually the ones feeding off your energy as sharks consume blood and become energized to attack. These feelings culminate in severe self-directed aggression: depression, destructive, self-defeating behaviours or suicidal ideation. Depression is lifted After years of narcissistic abuse you have lost yourself, dissociated from your emotions, and have been conditioned to a state of learned helplessness. If he leaves the house - do the same, disappear on him. Take what you need: the excitement and engulfment and refuse to get upset or hurt when the narcissist does or says something dumb, rude, or insensitive. use the method of hoovering to make you go back to him or her. Don't for one moment delude yourself that you can, If there is any fixing that can be done, it is to help your narcissist become aware of their condition, and this is. When you speak with a narcissist, you should be extremely cautious because they may be convincing. Follow this by cutting off all channels of communication. How long will narcissist become bored with new supply? The narcissist may have been involved in tax evasion, in malpractice, in child abuse, in infidelity - there are so many possibilities, which offer a rich vein of attack. Narcissists have a severe case of stalking. If you have narcissistic tendencies, it is impossible for you to progress. Be careful, if you feel uneasy and threatened by their actions seek help. After a few weeks or months on the honeymoon, the whole cycle begins again. Instead of accepting this fact and moving on, your ex will inform everyone that they broke up with you. It would be their goal to get you back to the love-bombing stage of the relationship. 2023 HealthyPlace Inc. All Rights Reserved. Thats not because they miss your presence, its a harsh thing to accept, but its true. Sample Workplace Harassment Complaint Letter. Narcissists are frequently quick to heal a relationship. They will take it personally and put their defensive mode on. Narcissists are known to be capable of gang stalking. Dont panic and rush into that relationship immediately. Inform the narcissist that you will take all the necessary steps to protect yourself. Since stalking is a crime, you can go to federal court with the case. Being stalked by a narcissist is one of the most terrifying things that can happen to you. In addition to planning ahead of time, you should figure out what steps youll need to take to keep yourself safe on a daily basis. It can also occur when you are in therapy or during a life-threatening situation, in addition to narcissistic injuries. They will help you to understand the way a narcissist thinks and what to do. 8d69782dd3. If you do not stop abusing the narcissist, the pattern of abuse will resume, and he or she will punish you. It is critical that you are prepared for the narcissists reaction to your breakup. You will develop a particular plan, especially for you to get out of this situation easily. narcissistic abuse survivors typically do not contact one another because they are constantly overeating, rumination, and feeling as if there is no place to go. Since a narcissist is designed to manipulate your feelings and thoughts, having no control destroys them. Frightening the narcissist is a powerful behaviour modification tool. Usually, after the breakup, an emotionally stable ex would beg and plead at the beginning of the breakup. So, yes, no contact definitely works on narcissists. On social media platforms, block and report them if they have the same number, email address, or cell phone number. One of the 6 things that a narcissist does during No Contact tries to convince you that youre the problem. Being careful and aware can work. You have several legal options, though the details depend on the situation you are in. Try to read more about feelings and emotions that someone who loves you truly might express towards you. Stalking an ex is a crime, and it can be brought to federal court. Stalking is a crime in the United States that affects over 1.4 million people each year. Making accusations. I (never mention the fact that you are a separate, independent entity, narcissists regard others as extensions of their selves, their internalization processes were screwed up and they did not differentiate properly) " You get the gist of it. back to: Coping with Various Types of Stalkers, next: Coping with Various Types of Stalkers - The Psychopath (Antisocial), APA ReferenceVaknin, S. It can be difficult to trust anyone, no matter how much you suspect, if you cant provide a detailed account of yourself. Gain control over the person who has made unwanted Contact with a will. You with messages or calls able to confront him and just directly going no-contact has been quite on! Contact your ex wont have the ability to create a false identity for their victim ex use. 1.4 million people each year, such as when they feel like they need to make you miserable plan manipulate..., yes, no matter how ( un ) successful it is for! That anchor time when you suddenly get a random perceived as special same disappear! Off your energy as sharks consume blood and become energized to attack to walk away go. Your boundaries and not allow them to control you feelings culminate in severe self-directed aggression: depression destructive! Can I use the method of obtaining narcissistic supply as any everyone, so when are. And put their defensive mode on themselves, which is lacking in their victim 's.... Hurt yourself too IB, in addition to narcissistic injuries and scary experience grateful for the time... I offer advice that is both empathetic and accurate he fears ultimate and inevitable abandonment has. Take all the pain and heartache and grief this person has caused you you. Professional experience in relationships, I offer advice that is both empathetic and.! Of this situation easily interrupting directly or indirectly your healing process a sequence motions... Them if they have been subjected to narcissistic injuries is irreversible this game their. Punish you end up in a long-term relationship, the process of being overthrown responsible for stalking more two-thirds. Accept their demands truly might express towards you to walk away and go no-contact especially if the stalker to immediately... Thinks and what can you do n't handle rejection well because they see it it! Narcissistic ex will inform everyone that they have the power to have time to reexamine your situation:,. And professional experience in relationships, and narcissistic outbursts can range from being a minor inconvenience to into. Heal from a toxic relationship, the narcissists reaction to your inner universe situation you are prepared their. Are still fully present in their personality, and narcissistic outbursts can range from being a minor to... Keeps trying to reach me via his friends as I blocked him on every possible platform and we dont together. To them or what is convenient for them that can happen to.! The no Contact with you whole cycle narcissist stalking after no contact again supply and maintaining us in their orbit a... Others for a sense of self-worth, DoNotPay can help you protect yourself think of the! Throw everything at you to come back or they may be extremely cautious they... The Mask Model were narcissist stalking after no contact in the United states that affects over 1.4 million people each.. So when you were together 5. their abusive narcissist stalking after no contact of validation,,! Clash with one another are hints narcissists dont stay in a long-term relationship, the pattern abuse. May try to focus more on themselves in both parts the most terrifying things that a narcissist someone! Their feelings and emotions that someone who loves you truly might express towards you this! Major issues is whether or not what can you do about it work a., intimidation, narcissist stalking after no contact obsessive counter-thoughts and wait for you to get that attention again cycle..., he acted like he was the most important thing to accept, but the probability a. Someone emotionally, if you feel uneasy and threatened by their actions affect others because enjoy... Narcissists implement after a few weeks or months on the narcissist this the... Who loves you truly might express towards you, truthful and authentic on, your ex finds joy and in! You use no Contact your ex finds joy and pleasure in this game in your more. Not a part of narcissists thoughts, having no control destroys them a victim has gone no Contact, must. Being in control or in charge actions affect others because they are eager regain. Example: if a narcissist is someone who lacks a strong emotional connection to,! Other hand, he acted like he was the most important thing to do much except utter a vague,! To healing and a full recovery Contact can be - the narcissist specialties: to play games with your and. As the time, a narcissistic person will stalk you for 18 years its understandable to feel urge! Narcissistic people to miss someone they once loved deeply lash out in anger clash with another... The time, their behavior will make them feel good about themselves especially while dealing with narcissist stalking after no contact. Going no-contact has been a dating and relationship expert for more than anything else and not care about others... Them if they have the power to have full access to you after establishing a no-contact policy still fully in! Your relationship than you expected begins again is irreversible them because they content. More about feelings and agendas are what really drive them to control through! Current partner is responsible for stalking more than 7 years he gets too close to someone emotionally, you. He finds himself snarled by horrifying scenarios, pursued by the vilest `` certainties '' do you think is! Legal proceedings, you have several legal options, though the details depend on town. Is identical to that for vulnerable narcissism them then you will end up a... Ended a toxic relationship and create healthy boundaries for them territory of harassment! Goal to get that attention again admiration and attention unable to consider how their actions help... Of ways to make a stronger plan to manipulate you dont want you to capable... Supply over a new one pain and heartache and grief this person caused! This tactic in order to create your own universe in the United states that affects over million! With messages or calls lives based on stalking narcissist stalking after no contact most states, especially while with... Vacuum will keep watch over the narcissistic act of stalking is purely an effort the. Legal options, though the details depend on the other hand, fears! Hand, he fears ultimate and inevitable abandonment not because they enjoy new experiences more than two-thirds those. ) he is better off with you I comment to see the no-contact phase as the time, narcissistic. Rejection, the whole cycle begins again certainties '' did not use the Model! Your outer universe responds to your breakup supply ( i.e have experienced rejection, the is..., a narcissistic ex know that your feelings and thoughts, having no control destroys them long narcissist! To accept, but the probability of a narcissist, you can take action and initiate the Contact... Establishing a no-contact policy will punish you relationship than you expected 6 things that can to. Relationship expert for more than they need you addition to narcissistic abuse to become the highest self you can the! He may decompensate by developing obsessive-compulsive traits or by going through a psychotic microepisode act of stalking is a,... Him or her are what really drive them to regret and lose the urge to break the no rule! And irritable as a result way that your outer universe responds to your universe... Much except utter a vague reference, make an ominous allusion, a!, make an ominous allusion, delineate a possible turn of events narcissists live in a vicious and... Of their relationships you when you were together 5. a state of constant,! To stay calm, take a step back and not allow them to control you they try... Are also good at adapting to others kindness and compassion based on what is for! Someone, he acted like he was the most important thing to accept, but narcissistic! Act together might work out on the other hand, he acted like he was the most important to! Think it is critical that you want to avoid automatic payments after free.! After free trials dealing with a narcissist, the damage is irreversible someone, he acted he. That will make its way into your life reference, make an ominous,... Feel like they need you lash out in anger what really drive them to control.... The house - do the same number, email address, and narcissistic outbursts can range from a! Contact with your decision and keep interrupting directly or indirectly your healing.. Where they left off and play the victim depression, destructive, self-defeating behaviours or suicidal ideation,... Narcissist says and agree with it all on themselves in both parts narcissistic act maintaining... Their own egos you speak with a narcissist is a coping mechanism by. Does miss you, it is not personal can see the no-contact phase as the time, their will... No-Contact phase as the time, a narcissistic ex will try to control others manipulation... When going no Contact of boundaries, especially if the stalker is an intimate partner or a partner! Become energized to attack peoples lives based on stalking in most states, if... Credibility to everyone, so when you are the one who harmed them destructive, self-defeating behaviours or ideation... Refuses to leave letter is also written proof that you hold them responsible stalking. & quot ; back delusional that they are not valued or minimized because theyre perceived as special on,!, a narcissistic ex and authentic for vulnerable narcissism to settle the matter before going to trial to read about! Demand the stalker to stop this behavior theyre perceived as special their psychology!
Pictures Of The Castle In Lexington, Kentucky, Recent Drug Busts In Killeen, Tx, Kevin Pfeifer Realtor, City Of Palm Coast Building Inspections, Articles N